Distributed systems introduce problems that simply don't exist in a monolith.
public
Network latency
Every service call goes over the network — failures and slowdowns must be handled explicitly.
storage
Data consistency
Each service owns its database — keeping data in sync across services is complex.
manage_search
Observability
Tracing a single request across 10 services requires dedicated logging, tracing & monitoring tools.
rocket_launch
Deployment complexity
Requires container orchestration (e.g. Kubernetes) and CI/CD pipelines per service.
security
Security
Inter-service communication must be authenticated and encrypted — larger attack surface.
science
Testing
Integration and end-to-end tests are much harder when services are independent.